diff --git a/draft/draft.tex b/draft/draft.tex index d20ca69..78069c9 100644 --- a/draft/draft.tex +++ b/draft/draft.tex @@ -2036,35 +2036,67 @@ We recall that in the above diagram $\sigma_3$ is a bisimulation, and the rest a % We have $(Fp_1)^\dagger\comp\sigma$. %\end{proof} \subsection{The concrete proof} +%\begin{lemma}\label{lem:sim-opsim-inc1}\ppnote{Actually, this lemma holds for every functor in an arbitrary category.} +% Assuming that $\sigma\c R\to\powf R$ is witness for a symmetric relation $R$ to be an AM simulation on $\powf$-coalgebra $(X,\alpha)$, then for all $(x_1,x_2)\in R$ we have: +% \begin{enumerate}[label=(\Roman*), ref=(\Roman*)] +% \item $\powf p_1\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)\subseteq \powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)$\label{item:sim-opsim-inc:I1} +% \item $\powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)\subseteq \powf p_2\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)$\label{item:sim-opsim-inc:II1} +% \end{enumerate} +%\end{lemma} +%\begin{proof} +% By~\eqref{eq:diag-lax-sim} for every $(x_1,x_2)\in R$ we have +% \begin{align} +% \alpha(x_1)\subseteq&\;\powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2),\label{eq:alpha_x_11}\\ +% \powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)\subseteq&\;\alpha(x_2).\label{eq:alpha_x_21} +% \end{align} +% (I): Since $R$ is symmetric $(x_2,x_1)\in R$, so from \eqref{eq:alpha_x_21} we get $\powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1)\subseteq\alpha(x_1)$. +% Therefore: +% \begin{align*} +% \powf p_1\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)=&\; \powf p_2\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)\\ +% =&\; \powf p_2\comp\sigma (x_2,x_1)\\ +% \subseteq&\;\alpha(x_1)\\ +% \subseteq&\; \powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2) & \by{\eqref{eq:alpha_x_11}} +% \end{align*} +% % +% (II): Analogously, from~\eqref{eq:alpha_x_11} by the symmetry of $R$ we have $(x_2,x_1)\in R$, so we get $\alpha(x_2)\subseteq\powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1)$. +% Therefore: +% \begin{align*} +% \powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)\subseteq&\; \alpha(x_2) &\by{\eqref{eq:alpha_x_21}}\\ +% \subseteq&\; \powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1) \\ +% =&\; \powf p_1\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2) \\ +% =&\;\powf p_2\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2).& +% \end{align*} +% \qed +%\end{proof} \begin{lemma}\label{lem:sim-opsim-inc} - Assuming that $\sigma\c R\to\powf R$ is witness for a symmetric relation $R$ to be an AM simulation on $\powf$-coalgebra $(X,\alpha)$, then for all $(x_1,x_2)\in R$ we have: + In a category $\BC$, assuming that $F$ has a natural order structure $\appr$, and $\sigma\c R\to F R$ is witness for a symmetric relation $R$ to be an AM-simulation on $F$-coalgebra $(X,\alpha)$, then we have: \begin{enumerate}[label=(\Roman*), ref=(\Roman*)] - \item $\powf p_1\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)\subseteq \powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)$\label{item:sim-opsim-inc:I} - \item $\powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)\subseteq \powf p_2\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)$\label{item:sim-opsim-inc:II} + \item $F p_1\comp F s\comp\sigma\comp s\appr F p_1\comp\sigma$\label{item:sim-opsim-inc:I} + \item $F p_2\comp\sigma\appr F p_2\comp F s\comp\sigma\comp s$\label{item:sim-opsim-inc:II} \end{enumerate} \end{lemma} \begin{proof} - By~\eqref{eq:diag-lax-sim} for every $(x_1,x_2)\in R$ we have + By~\eqref{eq:diag-lax-sim} for every $(x_1,x_2)\in R$ we have \begin{align} - \alpha(x_1)\subseteq&\;\powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2),\label{eq:alpha_x_1}\\ - \powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)\subseteq&\;\alpha(x_2).\label{eq:alpha_x_2} + \alpha\comp p_1\appr&\;F p_1\comp\sigma,\label{eq:alpha_x_1}\\ + F p_2\comp\sigma\appr&\;\alpha\comp p_2.\label{eq:alpha_x_2} \end{align} - (I): Since $R$ is symmetric $(x_2,x_1)\in R$, so from \eqref{eq:alpha_x_2} we get $\powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1)\subseteq\alpha(x_1)$. + (I): Since $R$ is symmetric and $\appr$ is a natural order structure, from \eqref{eq:alpha_x_2} we get $F p_2\comp\sigma\comp s\appr\alpha\comp p_2\comp s$. Therefore: \begin{align*} - \powf p_1\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)=&\; \powf p_2\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2)\\ - =&\; \powf p_2\comp\sigma (x_2,x_1)\\ - \subseteq&\;\alpha(x_1)\\ - \subseteq&\; \powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2) & \by{\eqref{eq:alpha_x_1}} + F p_1\comp F s\comp\sigma\comp s=&\; F p_2\comp\sigma\comp s\\ + \appr&\;\alpha\comp p_2\comp s\\ + =&\;\alpha\comp p_1\\ + \appr&\; F p_1\comp\sigma & \by{\eqref{eq:alpha_x_1}} \end{align*} % - (II): Analogously, from~\eqref{eq:alpha_x_1} by the symmetry of $R$ we have $(x_2,x_1)\in R$, so we get $\alpha(x_2)\subseteq\powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1)$. + (II): Analogously, from~\eqref{eq:alpha_x_1} since $R$ is symmetric and $\appr$ is a natural order structure, we get $\alpha\comp p_1\comp s\appr F p_1\comp\sigma\comp s$. Therefore: \begin{align*} - \powf p_2\comp\sigma(x_1,x_2)\subseteq&\; \alpha(x_2) &\by{\eqref{eq:alpha_x_2}}\\ - \subseteq&\; \powf p_1\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1) \\ - =&\; \powf p_1\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2) \\ - =&\;\powf p_2\comp\powf s\comp\sigma\comp s(x_1,x_2).& + F p_2\comp\sigma\appr&\; \alpha\comp p_2 &\by{\eqref{eq:alpha_x_2}}\\ + =&\; \alpha\comp p_1\comp s\\ + \appr&\; F p_1\comp\sigma\comp s \\ + =&\;F p_2\comp F s\comp\sigma\comp s.& \end{align*} \qed \end{proof} @@ -2163,7 +2195,7 @@ We prove that symmetric simulation is a bisimulation for the case that $FX=X+1$. \end{gather*} Assuming $\alpha(x_1)\in X\;\&\; \alpha(x_2)=\bot$, then since $R$ is an AM-simulation, by~\eqref{eq:diag-lax-sim}$(p_2+1)\comp \sigma(x_1,x_2)\appr\alpha(x_2)$, we have $(p_2+1)\comp \sigma(x_1,x_2)=\bot$ that entails $\sigma(x_1,x_2)=\bot$. So, we have $(p_1+1)\comp \sigma(x_1,x_2)=\bot$, while $\alpha(x_1)\not\sqsubseteq\bot$ that means that $\sigma$ is not a witness for $R$ to be an AM-simulation.\textreferencemark - Assuming $\alpha(x_1)=\bot\;\&\; \alpha(x_2)\in X$, since $R$ is reflexive, then we have $(x_2,x_1)\in R$ as well. So, by~\eqref{eq:diag-lax-sim} we have $(p_2+1)\comp \sigma(x_2,x_1)\appr\alpha(x_1)$ that entails $\sigma(x_2,x_1)=\bot$. So, we have $(p_1+1)\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1)=\bot$, while $\alpha(x_2)\not\sqsubseteq\bot$ that means that $\sigma$ is not a witness for $R$ to be an AM-simulation.\textreferencemark\qed + Assuming $\alpha(x_1)=\bot\;\&\; \alpha(x_2)\in X$, since $R$ is symmetric, then we have $(x_2,x_1)\in R$ as well. So, by~\eqref{eq:diag-lax-sim} we have $(p_2+1)\comp \sigma(x_2,x_1)\appr\alpha(x_1)$ that entails $\sigma(x_2,x_1)=\bot$. So, we have $(p_1+1)\comp\sigma(x_2,x_1)=\bot$, while $\alpha(x_2)\not\sqsubseteq\bot$ that means that $\sigma$ is not a witness for $R$ to be an AM-simulation.\textreferencemark\qed \end{proof} \begin{prop} @@ -2189,6 +2221,8 @@ We prove that symmetric simulation is a bisimulation for the case that $FX=X+1$. Assuming $\alpha(x_1)=\bot\;\&\; \alpha(x_2)=\bot$ we have $(p_i+1)\comp\beta(x_1,x_2)=\bot=\alpha(x_i)$, and assuming $\alpha(x_1)\in X\;\&\;\alpha(x_2)\in X$ we have $(p_i+1)\comp\beta(x_1,x_2)=\alpha(x_i)\in X$.\qed \end{proof} + + \section{Relators} \subsection{Two-way similarity in Hughes-Jacobs} Hughes and Jacobs define two-way similarity as $\leq\cap\leq^\op$. They give a sufficient condition for the two-way similarity to be the bisimilarity. We discuss that this condition does not allow us to say that a symmetric simularity is a bisimilarity. The condition is: